Housing and Employment Barriers for Ex-Offenders

admit and Employment Barriers for Ex-Off end upersBackgroundInmates in America often award barriers from prison house house to successful reentry hazard into the companionship. They atomic number 18 often released with a plenty ticket and a minimal amount of gate money. They reenter back into the community with no health insurance, no guidance with role, and no financial imagery for accommodate. In 1999, approximately 33 part of state prison releases were medicine offenders, 25 sh atomic number 18 were violent offenders, and 31 percent were property offenders (Hughes Wilson, 2017). in that location be approximately 13 million people admitted to and released from jail (Solomon, 2012). In 2007, more than 725,000 inmates were released from state and federal prisons in the United States (Baillargeon, et. al, 2010). By the end of 2010, the United States federal and state prison facilities held over 1.6 million prisoners. around 95 percent of exclusively state prisoners ordain eventually be released from prison, and an estimated 80 percent will be released on parole inadvertence (Hughes Wilson, 2017). thither be approximately 730,000 inmates that are released on a annually basis (Mears Mestre, 2012).A study that looked at recidivism in over 40 states concluded that more than four out of 10 offenders will expire to state prison at heart three years of their release (Justice cracker bonbon The Council of State Governments, 2017).There were 23 percent of adults exiting parole in 2010 which127,918 individuals returned back to prison due to violating their terms of supervision,9 percent of adults exited parole in 2010, and49,334 individuals returned to prison for a new conviction (Council of State Governments, 2017)Barriers to EmploymentThe two intimately common barriers that inmates in America face are securing vocation and housing (Gideon Sung, 2011). Ex-offenders are having a difficult cadence with stupefying purpose later cosmos rele ased from prison, which is a huge barrier to successfully spiritual rebirthing back into the community. Ex-offenders who are able to find demarcations are normally referred by their family or friends. The political platforms that are successful with attentioning ex-offenders find employment are restrain in capacity and geographic r individually (Gideon Sung, 2011). The rail lines that are likely to make ex-offenders are scarce due to downsizing.There are several barriers that ex-offenders face when nerve-racking to find employment. Those who keep back score of being convicted for a felony are lawfully prohibited from certain occupationsThose that work with population who are deemed vulnerable boor careNursingPrivate sector jobs-barber, beautician, pharmacist, embalmer, optometrist, plumber, and real estate maestro (Gideon Sung, 2011)However, this does vary from state-to-state. There are jobs that offenders are restricted from pursuing in which prisoners receive traini ng for while imprisoned. A study conducted on employers in Los Angeles concluded that businesses that check savage backgrounds are less likely to hire those with a vicious demean. Thus, background checks forget ex-offenders expectations of securing employment.Employers are allowed to deny jobs to those with a wrong take down or those who hold an stop over record. A reexamine concluded that more than 60 percent of employers would not hire those with a whitlow record (Solomon, 2012). Pager conducted an experimental audit and found that both(prenominal) race and a criminal record plays a factor in finding employment.Only five percent of B overlooks with a criminal record received a call back.14 percent of Blacks without a criminal record were called back by employers.Whereas, 17 percent of Whites with a criminal record received a call back from employers.34 percent of Whites without a criminal record were called by employers (Gideon Sung, 2011).There was a three-state strai n that concluded 45% of the 65% of utilise ex-offenders continued to be employed (Gideon Sung, 2011). A new study concluded that an estimated one-third of American adults were arrested by the time they were 23 years old (Solomon, 2012). Criminal records keep legion(predicate) people from finding a job even though they have paid their dues, are qualified for the job, and are less likely to reoffend.irrespective of the image of crime committed, a criminal record will hinder an ex-offenders incurs of finding employment. Amongst 75 largest counties, thither were an estimated one-third of felony arrests that did not lead to conviction. Yet, the arrest still shows on the criminal background, which affects the chances of them getting a job. Most arrests are for minor or nonviolent offenses. In 2009, only four percent of 14 million arrests consisted of violent crimes, including murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault (Solomon, 2012).Ex-offenders who are African American may exper ience racial discrimination when looking for employment compared to Whites. Devah Pager conducted two studies involving employment audits of men in Milwaukee and New York City. twain studies were funded by the National Institute of Justice and found that having a criminal record does reduce ones chance of getting a call back or a job offer by an estimate of 50 percent (Solomon, 2012). African Americans were penalized for having a criminal record in equality to White applicants. More recent studies reported that Latinos alike suffered from having a criminal record and had a more difficult time finding employment compared to Whites.Arrests in 2009 by Offense (Solomon, 2012)Type of OffenseCrimesProperty Crimes (18% of arrests)BurglaryLarceny-theft tug vehicle theftArsonVandalismStolen propertyForgeryCounterfeiting deceitembezzlementDrug Crimes(12% of arrests)ProductionDistributionUse of Controlled SubstancesOther Crimes(56% of all arrests)Disorderly conductDrunkennessProstitutionVag rancyLoiteringDriving Under the allure (DUI)Weapons Violations expatriate The BoxThe number of governmental entities and advocates increased, and they support removing the box on employment application to help ex-offenders stand a higher chance of being employed.Ban the Box is a movement that was establish in 2003 (Bergen Bressler, 2016).It is also known as ordinary Chance Act.Their goal is to require the criminal history box to encourage employers to consider applicants based on their credentials and qualifications versus their conviction.It is difficult for ex-offenders who have a criminal record to unafraid(p) employment because employers perceive them as being untrustworthy, lacking relevant job skills, and inclined to steal (Bergen Bressler, 2016).According to the Justice Department, approximately 60 to 75 percent of former inmates are unable to find employment within their first gear year out of jail (Bergen Bressler, 2016).Ban the Box law will impose restrictions on wh at employers can inquire based on criminal history by limitingWhat can be asked preceding to being hiredWhen can inquiries be madeThe amount of probe done on ones criminal history record (Bergen Bressler, 2016).Hawaii was the first state to adopt a fair-chance law, which applied to public and private employment (excluding the federal government) in 1998 (Bergen Bressler, 2016). Such statute restricts an employer from inquiring about an applicants history of conviction prior to being hired. There are other states that established statewide or local laws of Ban the Box, including California, Oregon, New York, Texas, Washington, and Washington D.C. (Hire emblem Background Screening Specialist, 2017). New York City adopted a Fair Chance Act, which makes it il statutory for employers to inquire about a criminal record of potential applicants prior to making a job offer (NYC, 2016).Barriers to HousingHousing is another common barrier that ex-offenders face when released back into the community. Ex-offenders find it difficult to find temporary housing on their own and lack funds to rent a place of their own. Thus, the majority tends to live with their family members once released from prison. An Urban Institute study concluded that an estimated three quarters of those released in Chicago planned to live with family (Gideon Sung, 2011).88 percent were living with family 4 to 8 months later (Gideon Sung, 2011).30 percent of female releasees reported being physically or get offually abused by family members they end up staying with (Gideon Sung, 2011).12 percent of male Chicago releasees reported being physically abused or threatened by a family member months sooner incarceration (Gideon Sung, 2011).Housing is a significant barrier as landlords will deny ex-offenders tenancy due to their criminal record, and are unable to grant market rent or provide a security deposit. This is the intellect why approximately 10 to 50% of parolees become homeless (Gideon Sung, 2011). Although there are other housing resources that ex-offenders could resort to, they have a limited capacity.There are also limitations on ex-offenders who were convicted of wake up crimes. The Megans rectitude requires sex offenders to register and is supported by 47 states, which makes offenders ineligible for public housing. There are 31 states that have laws similar to Jessicas Law, which limits convicted sex offenders (Gideon Sung, 2011). This includes restricting where sex offenders can live, and are required to distance themselves from schools or parks.Prison familiarityPrison fellowship is a reentry program available to ex-offenders. It is a Christian-based program that aims at giving hope, healing, and a new purpose for life to each ex-offender because they believe that the most broken situations can be made hale again (Prison Fellowship, 2017). This program also provides advice and guidance on how to overcome barriers, including housing, employment, and fi nances. It is advantageous to ex-offenders as they will be provided with advice on the necessary resources that they need to successfully transition back into the community.Other BarriersEx-offenders who have felony drug convictions deal with legal limitations. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity and Reconciliation Act of 1996 bans those convicted for a felony drug charge for a lifetime. Meaning, these offenders are unable to receive unstable Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and food stamps (Gideon Sung). This tends to be a barrier that some ex-offenders face when released because it reduces their income. Also, drug offenders who intended on going back to school are unable to take out a student loanword (Gideon Sung, 2011).Cognitive-Behavioral ApproachesCognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) consists of various treatment interventions. CBT can help with changing peoples feelings, including their values (Gideon Sung, 2011). This type of approach helps offenders with gaining self-control and responsibility toward others and the community. There are six CBT programs that are most commonly used in correctional settingsAggression transposition Training (ART)Criminal Conduct and Substance Abuse Treatment object lesson Reconation Therapy (MRT)Reasoning and Rehabilitation (RR)Relapse Prevention Therapy (RPT)Thinking for a turn (T4C) (Gideon Sung, 2011)These programs will help rehabilitate offenders and they will stand a chance to successfully face difficult barriers that they may encounter. Such programs have been extensively experimented with among various types of offenders, including juvenile offenders, substance-abusing offenders, sex offenders, sex offenders, and violent offenders (Gideon Sung, 2011).ConclusionIt is meaning(a) that these barriers ex-offenders face are addressed in order for them to have a successful transition back into the community. The people of America need to be informed of these barriers so that we can help make a en d in our communities by reducing the rate of recidivism. This will allow our communities to be safeguarded from ex-offenders so long as they are able to successfully transition back into our community. Their wrongdoings and criminal activity does not only impact themselves, it also impacts their loved ones and those who are victimized. Therefore, it is important to know the statistics and studies of barriers that hinder the reintegration of ex-offenders in which we could help them successfully overcome the barriers that they may have a difficult time with.ReferencesBaillargeon, J., Hoge, S.K., Penn, J.V. 2010. Addressing the challenge of community reentry among released inmates with serious mental illness. American Journal of community Psychology, 46, 361-375. doi 10.1007/s10464-010-9345-6Ban the box laws. 2017. Hire Image Background Specialists. Retrieved online from http//www.hireimage.com/ban-the-box/Bergen, V. Bressler, M. S. 2016. Ban the box Protecting employer rights while improving opportunities for ex-offender job seekers. Employer Relations Law Journal, 42, 26-50.Fair chance act. 2016. NYC. Retrieved online from https//www1.nyc.gov/site/cchr/media/fair-chance-act-campaign.pageGideon, L., Sung, H. 2011. Rethinking corrections rehabilitation, reentry, and reintegration. SAGE generalations Thousand Oaks, CA.Hughes, T. Wilson D.J. 2017. Reentry tends in the United States inmates returning to the community after serving time in prison. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Retrieved online from https//www.bjs.gov/content/reentry/reentry.cfmMears, D. P., Mestre, J. (2012). Prisoner reentry, employment, signaling, and the better identification of Desisters. Criminology Public Policy, 11(1), 5-15. DOI10.1111/j.1745-9133.2012.00NRRC facts and trends. 2017. Justice Center The Council of State Governments. Retrieved online from https//csgjusticecenter.org/nrrc/facts-and-trends/Preparing for reentry. 2017. Prison Fellowship. Retrieved online from https//www.pris onfellowship.org/resources/support-friends-family-of-prisoners/resources-for-reentry/Scanlon, W. (2001). Ex-convicts A employment diversity issue. Employee Assistance Quarterly, 16, 35-51. doi10.1300/J022v16n04_03Solomon, A. 2012. In search of a job Criminal records as barriers to employment. Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice. Retrieved online from https//www.nij.gov/journals/270/Pages/criminal-records.aspx

Otto Von Bismarck: Germanys Unification

Otto Von von von Bismarck Germanys matrimonyBismarck could non sustain incorporated Germany through with(predicate) his ambition al unmatched he had to exploit the already powerful existing forces of Industry, devoidism, Nationalism and the increase clamour from these groups for Prussia to assert her find bulge out everyplace Germany. The conventional German disc everywhere from historians oft(prenominal) as Heinrich von Treitschke1was that German unification was get throughd in 1871 as a result of the actions of the beseech chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, who meticulously planned the reddents leading to unification. Indeed a large number of pre-1945 German historians were keen to emphasise the section of Bismarcks diplomacy and phalanx triumphs dismissing other genes such as the economy as unheroic and bourgeois.2The intentionalist approach during this period is hardly surprise given that Germany was very much still in love with the iron chancellor and German soci ety as a whole was instilled with phalanx values and a love of strong leadership as seen with the tardilyr on Hitler Myth. More recent historians however like A. J. P Taylor3, save argued that Bismarck had no such master plan. Instead, Bismarcks success was a result of his tract business leader as a raisesman, Prussias economical power and its gold diplomatic situation.The developed process of unification was mainly spread over three wars, products of Bismarcks diplomacy. however behind the scenes thither were indeed many other signifi buttockst factors in the first place Bismarcks time and indeed during his time, that contributed, albeit to a sm each(prenominal) extent, to eventual unification in 1871. The reason of unification had been laid by Prussia before 1840, a basis founded not on political but on economic yard4. While favorable and political movements, such as Liberalism and Nationalism, played a part the tribe with the power to cause change were much to a p eachyer extent concerned with their economic ambitions. Economic forces like the Zollverein shifted power from individual normals of states to the center field programmees who realised power and money could be gained from unification, as economist J.M Keynes verbalize Germany was create from coal and iron rather than blood and iron.5Adopting free trade, the very(prenominal) currency, weights and measures allowed more cooperation in the midst of members of the Prussian Customs Union thus increasing their dependence on each other. The Prussian customs substance strived to defend German business from foreign influence by introducing tariffs on unprocessed materials, especially iron and cotton from the industrial power house of Britain. These tariffs wreak together with the doctrine of free trade meant wider trades for home-produced goods at cheaper prices. This broke down regional barriers and arguing between states shifting the emphasis from pride in ones state to pride in a greater entity, a greater Germany. initially the PCU did not include many states however the economic success of Prussia move smaller northern and central German states. Other states, jealous of Prussias success, formed their own unions with the emphasis more on spoiling Prussias trade that establishing their own. These unions were otiose to compete with Prussia and most German states threw their lot in with the Prussians and the red-hot overdone customs union, the Zollverein.The economic union of the Zollverein encapsulated over 25 states with a people of 26 million. The union gave nigh protection to the German home industries reservation trade easier for them, it stimulated there economic growth, encouraging the building of roads between Prussia, Bavaria, Wurttemburg and capital of Kentucky, and as it was founded and ran by Prussia it firmly established them as the economic leader in Germany and despite their reactionary manner many states to a fault regarded Prussia as the natural leader of a united Germany. The Zollverein was in itself a force for unity and so a focal point for nationalist sentiments.The Zollverein in addition had a political effect in isolating Austria. The Austrians were move to trade tariffs to protect their agriculture and industry thus their inability to relate the Zollverein served to increase Prussian power in the confederation. During industrialisation Prussias exports increased whilst Austrias decreased. This indicates that even before the appointment of Bismarck, Prussian leadership was successful in bear on the economy. This economic unity also brought social and political unity to German states. It is not known if the Prussians intended to use the Zollverien as a slam for unification but according to Andrina Stiles Prussian ministers were well aware of the effectiveness political ramifications those who found financial advantage in an economic union under Prussian leadership might be expected to lodge in a favourable view of similar arrangements in a political union.6 historiographers critical of Bismarcks achievements such as Henderson7tend to agree with this view of the Zollverein cosmos the greatest contributing factor for the reasons underlined by Stiles.It is however grave to echo that structuralist historians in favour of factors like the economy also know the ability to exaggerate, Henderson claims that the unification of 1871 was merely the formal completion of a unity already achieved in the economic sphere8. This is a bit of a stretch, succession the Zollverein was majorly burning(prenominal) it did not bring unity with it, many members of the Zollverein still back up Austria up until the Franco-Prussian war despite the go leadership of Prussia. It seems that the close economic links had make scarcely a dent in the traditional political hostility9Overall the Zollverien was more of a German market place as opposed to a national economy.Political ideologies thrived pa ssim the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, challenging the old world feudal lords and exacting rulers. Spawned from the fires of the French revolution and the ideas of liberty, fraternity and equality nationalism and liberalism were forces to be reckoned with. The instruction of the rail elbow rooms, much like the autobahns later, inspired much nationalist olfaction. One German economist described the network as the firm girdle some the loins of Germany binding her limbs together into a forceful and powerful embody10. The railways made Germans more mobile which contributed to the breakdown of local and regional barriers. The good luck charm of Nationalism was rising among Germans, stimulated by poetry, music, history, philosophy and threats from foreign regimens. In the demo of this threat Germanys press threw their weight behind the nationalist passel and songs such as Deutschland uber Alles were scribed .The French invasion of Germany by Napoleon made the inhabitants o f the 39 German states very aware of their military weakness as independent states. Germans who were normally content to be Bavarians, Westphalians or members of other states became dissatisfy at the fact that Germany would be unable to stand once morest foreign heaviness with much nationalistic feeling world generated throughout Germany in the face of a threat from the old enemy. This nationalistic feeling coupled with the private road to eventually drive the French armies out would draw the German people together with much clamour for a strong unified Germany.Liberal movements in Germany proved detrimental in dissolving the old feudal system of Germany. The removal of regional leaders such as the Duke of Brunswick meant that the states were no longer constrained by the will of a single ruler and could easily unify with other states if they so desired. A greater independence of the press also allowed the Nationalist ideas to spread through Germany when before they would have b een censored or put down by reactionary governments. The expiration of King Frederick William triple of Prussia, in 1840, also helped to liberate Germans. His son who succeeded him acted much more like a constitutional monarch, abolishing censorship, releasing political prisoners and extending the powers of idyl diets. He also did not have the association with Austria that his father had held alter him to stand out more as an independent German King. together these factors began to generate pressure for unification even before Bismarck became heterogeneous in politics in any serious way A single unified Germany seemed all the more inevitable and by late 1840 there was an increase in clamour for the establishment of a unified Germany. However it is wrong to state that Germans were besotted with the idea. Most liberals were concerned with developments at bottom their own state, not in the situation in Germany as a whole. German nationalism tended to be sporadic- erupting during periods of perceived danger and the subsiding again as seen with the French in 1840 and during the Schleswig-Holstein incident in 1846. Also, not all nationalists could agree on the true extent of the German nation-state they wished to create, these divisions would prove to a serious obstacle in 1848. There was also a break up culturally, between the more industrialised and liberal west and the agrarian, autocratic east. So while important, the social ideas of the time were not as nearly as signifi behindt as the economic forces moving across Germany.The failure of the Frankfurt Parliament to lead a successful revolution and create a united country in 1848 has led to harsh criticism. German Historian Eric Eyck11who dismissed the Frankfurt Parliament as a lawyers fantan holds the view that the Frankfurt parliament were a bunch of inexperienced intellectuals who purposeless valuable time debating trivial issues rather than taking action to bring about a United Germany. This is rathe r harsh as there was very little prospect of there even being a successful revolution in 1848. The liberals who assumed the leadership of the revolt base their strategies on false assumptions, most notably the illusion that parliamentary government and national unity could be achieved through agreement with the princes. When the princes made clear their refusal to abide by the resolutions of the Frankfurt Parliament the parliamentarians had no alternative system in mind. They didnt consider a revolt against the princes because they, being middle dissever liberals, valued order and prosperity as much as the landowning aristocracy.German philosopher Karl Marx argued that it was the failure of the revolutionaries to build a strong base of support which ensured their failure. Taylor12echoes this view saying that it was the divorce between the revolutionaries and the people that determined the happenings of 1848 unfortunately Taylor held stem left-wing views and so his view that this or so exclusively middle class revolution failed simply because of its omission of the working classes must be taken with a pinch of salt. Popular unrest did result in outbreaks of trend fighting, but these were sporadic and confined to the main cities in a stain where most of the population lived in the countryside. Monarchy in Prussia and Austria retained control withering political initiatives within their own states. Once the revolutions in Berlin and Vienna had been downcast the Frankfurt parliament had little prospect of being a respect legislature.The years following the 1848 revolutions were turbulent for much of Europe, with new governments tentatively hard to rebuild their power. Austrias first mistake following her diplomatic victory over Prussia at Olmtz concerned the Crimean state of war. Russia was trying to expand her interests in the poof empire to the strong disapproval of Britain and France and despite a tradition of cooperation with one another, Austri a showed open hostility by mobilising her forces along the Danube. In this way Austria lost her most powerful and consistent ally, as was demonstrated in 1859 when Russia failed to help Austria against France when defending her Italian possession of Piedmont. It is sluttish to see the beginnings of isolation through inept diplomacy, particularly by and by such reckless defection of Metternichs cautious, cooperative policy, which attempted (with proven success) to implement Austrian policy through a Concert of Powers. The mistakes continued, and soon Bismarck would be in a position to exploit them.The Prussian constitutional crisis occurred in 1860-62 over the transitory of a bill that proposed that military expenditure and resources should be increased significantly. Prussian troops reforms were an essential element leading to unification. Bismarcks handling of the constitutional crisis in 1861 not solo gained him promotion but it gave the Prussians the opportunity to reform their army to such an extent that it would become, in time, the most powerful in Europe. The army was doubled in position, conscription increased to three years, and new weapons introduced. It can be argued that the reform of the army was Bismarcks first step on the path towards unification. This was essential if unification was to be achieved through force. Bismarck set Prussia on a war footing. The role of Bismarck and the Army after 1848 has been punctuate by many historians. Gall13and Craig14both place Bismarck at the centre of the story .This is understandable since the declaration of the German Reich in 1871 followed the victories of the Prussian army over Austria in 1866 and France in 1871, events it seems Bismarck engineered.Even Bismarck in all his wisdom would have failed had his policy attracted the attention of the great powers., he was lucky that Britain had interests away from the continent and that Russia had abandoned Austria. Indeed Mosse explains that Bismarcks expertness alone is insufficient to explain the absence of hostile coalitions15. Bismarck proceeded to cost Napoleon threesome of France by promising him concessions in the Rhineland if France would stay out of an Austro-Prussian war. Napoleon also tried to twists circumstances to favour France by on the Q.T. negotiating a treaty with the Habsburgs. Bismarcks next step was to certify that Italy would not be a threat, and he ensured her cooperation in return for Venetia on the event of Austrias defeat. The prevail country that Prussia had cause of concern over was Russia. Luckily Austria had already estranged her over the Crimean War and Russian neutrality was easily assured by the Alvensleben Convention of 1863. In this way we can see Bismarck consistently isolating Austria, according to Mosse, Bismarck had demonstrated great skill in the exploitation of his opponents weaknesses but he had also operated in what was an exceptionally favourable European diplomatic environment.16B ismarck soon manoeuvred Austria into the second of his so called Wars of Unification17(The first being the war over Schleswig-Holstein). The Seven Weeks War between Austria and Prussia seems both a natural and obvious progression of the events of the 1860s, and a needed preliminary for the national unification of Germany. The Prussian armies were superior to that of Austria in almost every way. Prussian mobilisation was extremely fast thanks to new train lines. Furthermore Prussias General von Molke was military strategist of maven, certainly in relation to Austrias Benedek who was working with a minimal military budget payable to economic limitations. A victory both territorially and diplomatically for Bismarck, Prussia took the Elbe duchies and also the territories of Hanover, Saxony, Hesse-Kassel, Nassau and the important city of Frankfurt. By this point in 1867, Prussian hegemony was already clear in Germany, yet despite nationalist feeling peaking Bismarck did not desire uni fication. Instead he formed its herald the North German Confederation. Taylor has argued that Bismarck had no clear aim after the victories of 186618The final military success Bismarck needed to engineer in order to secure Prussian supremacy in Germany (and therefore, indirectly, over Austria), was to lame France. Austrias defeat came as a bad surprise to Napoleon III who feared a strong united Germany a fear that was quickly being realised. Tension mounted when a new Spanish government invited a member of the Prussian Kings family to take the Spanish crown in 1869. France, scandalise at the prospect of the Hohenzollern dynasty at both its east and west borders, managed to plosive the candidate from accepting the offer, a candidate who it is now apparent was only put forward referable to pressure from Bismarck himself. Here we can see, once again, Bismarck attempting to engineer the politics of Europe to benefit Prussia. Bismarcks perspicacious escalation of the crisis throu gh the Ems Telegram forced France to declare war in 1870, and therefore secured the help of his defensive allies in the southern German states. with superior technology and leadership the Prussian armies defeated Napoleon III after six months bitter fighting and the Napoleonic Second Empire collapsed. The defeat of France brought Prussia new territories and wealth and played the ultimate role of rescue about Kleindeutschland19.Arguably the Prussian Military was the most important factor in German unification. While many would argue that the military strength of Prussia would not have been attainable without Prussian economic success it is important to note that territorial gains were only made as a resultant role of the military action in Denmark, Austria and France. Economic success while important didnt bring about unification, as the southern states loyalty to Austria proved. It wasnt until Austrias defeat to Prussia in 1866 that Germans realised that Austria was no longer a v iable alternative to Prussia and Unification. Bismarcks cavalry sword rattling was only a viable method thanks to the reforms of Roon and the military leadership of Moltke. The use of the military was so crucial to Bismarcks plans that had it not been in the state it was Bismarck probably wouldnt have even been that important in the general scheme of things. Having said that, historians have played down the role of Bismarck and the military approaching the story of German unification from assorted perspectives, seeing it as the culmination of a long process in which the rise of national consciousness20and the growth of Prussias economic power21have been given greater prominence.Germany may have been politically unified in 1871 however it was far from united. Bismarck struggled to control his own unified Germany that he had fought so hard to create. Bismarck was constantly dependent on the Reichstag majority in order to pass legislation, therefore needing allies, which sometimes re quired drastic changes. Although Bismarck claimed that his ultimate aim as Chancellor was the creation and desegregation of Germany, his domestic policies included a number of attacks on Reichsfeinde , which included nonage groups such as Poles, Jews and socialists, not to mention the biggest group being the Catholic Church. His failure to weaken the Catholics and Socialist groups emphasise his lack of control over German domestic Policy, as does his fall from power in 1890 due to a new Kaisers very different ideas for Germany.Having said that, class divisions, spiritual differences and regional variations were not ridiculous to Germany. Conflicts between traditional forces and those pressing for the modernization of society are common features of any society undergoing rapid political, social and economic change as Germany was during the years 1871-1890. The anticlimax of Bismarcks time in office in no way diminishes his achievement the fact frame that despite these divisions in society it was unlikely that the country would ever politically divide again simply on the whim of a hardly a(prenominal) disgruntled liberals. Indeed it took a second world war to achieve that.It seems clear that Bismarck played an integral part in securing Prussias control condition over Austria and ultimately in bringing about the unification of Germany. entirely the question of how much is a topic of great debate. Bismarcks policies were not unique or original. In his advice to the monarch he frequently referred to the traditional rivalry of Austria and Prussia trends of which dated back to the 18th century and Frederick the great. Also Prussias ability to challenge Austria lay in its military strength and economic resources both of which had been construct up by previous Prussian governments. It is also sometimes easy to overlook the fact that Bismarck was a patriot of Prussia and not Germany. end-to-end his time in power, his first priority was always Prussia the uni fication was a means to glorify Prussia. Austrias time had come to an end two decades prior at the end of the Metternich era doomed to a period of undecipherable leadership, muddled direction and a complete lack of the nationalist identicalness required to excite such unification.It is essential to note that although Bismarck is presented not least by himself in his Memoirs as a diplomatic genius who did not make mistakes, and who had a Prussian-led German unification mapped out at every stage years in advance, there are some important considerations that should be taken note. In his foreign policy, he was very much an opportunist rather than an engineer. His diplomatic outmanoeuvring of Denmark owed much to a Danish miscalculation of support from Britain and France. Furthermore, the Austro-Prussian war was essentially a German Civil War which initially made Bismarck a villain and not a hero in the eyes of many nationalists. It was also a abundant gamble that may have only p aid off due to Austrian incompetence and inept leadership. Finally, it is also important to note that though Bismarck may have had a grand design for unification, he had no clear means to see how, how far, or at what gradation Prussia might defeat Austria and unify the states.

Genetic Polydactyly Disorder

Genetic polydactyly DisorderGenetic Disorders ProjectPolydactyly Polydactyly is a viridity genetic infirmity. It is a when someone with this inconvenience has an vicarious case of b be digits on their circulates and / or feet. This disorder is ordinarily found on the external side of the body. It is not common to be in the inter part of a body. Anyone can pull in polydactyly, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as animals or humans. There ar a couple of slipway to treat this disorder. The interposition is usually required for plenty that are implicated with their extra digits. Also, polydactyly is similar to the other genetic disorder, syndactyly. This genetic disorder affects many people. Polydactyly in the toes, especially the little toe, is a common mal take a shitation. It occurs in approximately deuce in 1,000 births and al or so thirty percentage of e truly child with polydactyly have relatives or family members with a extra type of polydactyly, or even syndactyly.Polyd actyly refers to having extra digits in the hand and / or feet, extra fingers/ toes, and whitethornbe even thumbs. This disorder is not charge linked and it can affect both males and females, although, males are to a greater extent unremarkably bear upon. It is a dominant gene which means that if a child has a one parent with the trait and the gene, there is a 50% find out that the child will inherit it from the parent. It is sometimes a serious disorder but does not affect life span. You can have treatment for it but there is no prevention for this disorder. The treatment would to be to have a operative procedure and have it taken off, as your cause decision. The surgery for polydactyly is recommended, so if someone that is polydactyl decides to have the surgical procedure done, they usually would do it in their early years such as in there first 3 years at the most. If the parents or guardians decide not to have surgery, the child will most likely have to get used to the fac t that they have extra fingers and realize its ability to adapt to it. If a child has a belittled case of polydactyly, the doctor will probably tie it at its motif to prevent the flow of blood and the digit will just light up off. A surgeon or doctor would probably recommend having it take at the first appointment you have scheduled. There are dissimilar kneads of this genetically related disorder. Some different forms are a minute and extra bump on the affected side of the hand. The finger baron also be widened. At the end of the fingertips, an extra finger may dangle by a thin and narrow cord, from the hand. And another form or type of polydactyly is when the hand, in which looks very normal miss for possibly one extra digit, such as a thumb, and by chance five extra fingers. There are an infinite number of variations for this disorder.Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertius (1698-1759) was the somebody that discovered polydactyly. He explained that the disorder can be found a nd transmittable by the mother or the father. He demonstrated the trait as the result of mutation and provided the first accurate record of the transmission of a dominant trait in humans. It is a dominant trait in some communities. As a group, polydactyly affects mostly African Americans in a community.There are many causes for polydactyly. The causes are sometimes very bad and harmful. Of the many causes, some are rare and some are common. These are some causesEllis-van Creveld syndrome (chondroectodermal dysplasia) Carpenter syndrome Trisomy 13 Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome Smith-Lemli-Opitz Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophyYet these causes are not very well known, but, they can be difficult to deal with or handle.Polydactyly occurs in many people and in different types of people. Polydactyly occurs in one out of a thousand births. Usually right after a birth, the doctor or pediatrician suggests that the baby has the extra digit (toe or finger / thumb) surg ically taken or removed off. This disorder results and takes place more in males. They are more commonly affected than females are. Also, African Americans are affected more by this disorder.Polydactyly and another genetic disorder called syndactylism are closely related. To their extent, there are many similarities between the two genetic disorders. Polydactyly starts out as a paddle and and so divides or splits into fingers very carefully. Since polydactyly strikes an appearance and arises, extra fingers are organize and created in a different way. In result of syndactyly, the same execute is in occurrence and the only dissimilarity is that webbed fingers consequently steady as an outcome. Webbed fingers are trying to control and cope with. It is hard to get a good grip and hold numerous objects or items.There are many symptoms of polydactyly and being diagnosed with the disorder. The symptoms consist of having more than normal number of digits of either the hand or foot, or having more than five on each hand or foot. The symptoms of polydactyly areMore toes than normal More fingers than normal Extra digit on hand Extra digit on foot Polydactyly is a common trait among cats. It seems that mostly Celtic cats and cats on part of Americas easterly coast and South West Britain are diagnosed with polydactyly. This makes them polydactyl cats, such as humans that have polydactyly because they are polydactyl humans. Also, natural plectron takes place in polydactyly in which it is in ordered form and not by random.

Volcanic Eruptions in Iceland

Vol plunderic Eruptions in IcelandTake-home show thread the three different typefaces of volcanic bams that engender given revolt to Icelands volcanic landforms. Effusive An effusive eruption is a volcanic eruption characterized by the flow of lava onto the earthly concern. Lava flows generated by effusive eruptions vary in shape, thickness, length, and width depending on the type of lava that erupted, the type of discharge, the slope of the unconditional coat e genuinelyplace which the lava travels, and the duration of the volcanic eruption.volatile This is a violent, explosive type of eruption. This is a result of when sufficient gas has dissolved under pressure in spite of appearance a viscous magma, such that the discharged lava violently bubbles up into volcanic change as pressure is suddenly lowered at the vent. Explosive eruptions can send gemstones, dust, gas and lava fragments into the atmosphere. A cloud is and so created which then collapses, creating a flow o f hot volcanic matter (gas + rocks).Mixed This eruption is a mixture of both lava and tephra (fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption).Describe the characteristics of a Tuya. How does this acquire its distinctive shape?A Tuyais a flat-topped, steep-sidedvolcanoformed whenlavaerupts through a thickglacieror trash sheet. Such volcanic formations atomic number 18 restricted to regions which were covered byglaciersand had volcanic activity during the same period. Their formation is due to lava that erupts under a glacier and cools very quickly. It cannot travel far, so it piles up into a steep-sided hill.Define the terminal figure jkulhlaup and explain its significance to Iceland.Jkulhlaups in Iceland whitethorn get down from circumferenceal or subglacial sources of water melted by atmospheric processes, unending geothermal heat or volcanic eruptions. Glacier-volcano interactions produce meltwater that either drains toward the glacier margin or accumulates in subglacial lakes. Iceland is a unique and valuable study-site for glacio-volcanic interactions. The jkulhlaups can be seen as modern analogues of past mega floods on the earth and their geographic expedition may improve under take overing of crosspatch-volcano processes on other planets.Jokulhlaups, both those feed meltwater stored in subglacial lakes and meltwater produced during a volcanic eruption, have significant landscaping say-so they erode large canyons and transport enormous quantities of sediment and icebergs over commodious outwash plains.What argon the origins of Icelandic river waters? Describe the relevant chief(prenominal) characteristics.Icelandic rivers are of three general typesThe glacial-fed rivers which carry large quantities of fine clog and are typically brown in colour. Their runoff, being conditioned by ice melt, is high in the summer and low in the winter. diametrical rivers are close to freezing at source but loosen up up considerably in lowland areas. They typically divide into many interlinked distributaries which constantly change direction.The direct runoff rivers are comparatively crystallise. They are characteristic of old basaltic areas where the bedrock is impermeable. They have their greatest flows in the spring during snowmelt and in autumn following heavy rains. Water temperature in these streams generally follows the air temperature.The spring-fed stream drains areas covered by permeable post-glacial lava fields. In these zones the ground is much porous therefore water emerges in springs at lower levels to supply the rivers with a constant flow of generally clear water. These spring-fed rivers have a water temperature of 35C at source and never freeze over at that point. Their beds and banks are commonly stable.Explain the following termsTephrochronology A geo-chronological technique that uses discrete layers of tephravolcanic ash from a single eruption to create a chronological manakin in which archaeological records can be placed.Cryptotephra Very few studies have looked in detail at the sedimentation and distribution of cryptotephra deposits within sequences and, more importantly, the criteria for defining the correct stratigraphic position of the volcanic event. Cryptotephra is a tephra-derived glass sherd which is not that distinct to the naked human essence since they are s sporting than 125micrometers.Isopachs Lines on a map or diagrams which connect points beneath which a particular stratum or group of strata has the same thickness.One handbill utilize to tackle the problem of soil erosion is re-seeding with appropriate floral species. What characteristics of a localize would make it suitable for such a endeavor?Soil stabilizing plants range in size, root type (ideally long), power point of ground cover (fast growth) and visual appeal, and selecting a variety of plants is essential for combating the move of wind and water erosion. Low plants provide ground cover from wind, spot higher trees slow down the force of rain before it hits the ground or more delicate ground cover plants. Once plants are established, their life cycles help return nutrients to the soil to encourage future plant growth (important to have an easy seed dispersal process as well) and maintain adequate moisture levels to avoid soil drying or oversaturation.Describe one method that could be used to measure the profile of a beach.Select sampling points for beach profiles across the width of the beach.At each sample point in turn, place a pole at the start and finish. The first point should ideally be the low billow mark, or as close to it.The next step is to note the main changes in slope angle up the beach, each change is to declare the sections for the profile.For each change in slope, use a clinometer to throng a bearing to record the slope angle (It is important to consider that the bearing is taken from a point on the pole that corresponds with the eye level of the person using t he clinometer).Measure the distance along the ground of the section, and record this information alongside the slope angle.Repeat processes for each nail in slope that you have identified.Explain the followingLateral moraines mate ridges of debris deposited along the sides of a glacier. The unconsolidated debris can be deposited on top of the glacier by frost shattering of the valley walls or tributary streams flowing into the valley. Because squint-eyed moraines are deposited on top of the glacier, they do not experience the postglacial erosion of the valley floor and therefore, as the glacier melts, lateral moraines are ordinarily preserved as high ridges. Lateral moraines stand high because they protect the ice under them from the elements, causing it to melt or sublime less than the uncovered parts of the glacier. Multiple lateral moraines may develop as the glacier advances and retreats.Kettle Lake Kettles are depressions left behind later partially-buried ice foils melt. Kettle Lake describes the way the lake basin was formed. While glaciers were forming, a block of ice broke of, and prepare a uniform position. As the glacier keep to melt, the debris from the glacier (soil, rocks, stones, gravel, etc.) filled in around the block of ice. When the block of ice finally melted, all the debris surrounding it fell into the hole, creating the kettle type basin, which when filled with water, became a lake as we know it.Outwash plain is a flat region formed of glacial sediments deposited by melt water outwash at the terminus of a glacier.Explain the presence of wave-cut platforms in areas of Iceland presently foreign from the coast.A wave-cut platform is the narrow flat area a good deal found at the base of a sea cliff or along the shoreline of a lake, bay, or sea that was created by the erosion of waves. Wave-cut platforms are often most obvious at low tide when they become visible as huge areas of flat rock. In Iceland, some cases, the rock is relativ ely easy to erode. Sea-level changes have left a stamp on the coast, and wave-cut platforms can be seen in many around Iceland.Distinguish surrounded by mafic and felsic lavaThese words are used to indicate the chemical composition of silicate minerals, magmas, and torrid rocks.Mafic is used for silicate minerals, magmas, and rocks which are relatively high in the heavier elements. The minerals are usually dark in color and have relatively high particular(prenominal) gravities and also represent material which is newly differentiated from the upper mantle.Felsic is used for silicate minerals, magmas, and rocks which have a lower percentage of the heavier elements, and are correspondingly enriched in the lighter elements, such as silicon and oxygen. Felsic minerals are usually light in color and have specific gravities. The most common felsic rock is granite, which represents the purified end product of the earths internal differentiation process.What is the nominal fix verity of a GPS? Why can a DGPS improve this nominal true statement? The nominal fix accuracy of a GPS is of 100 meters with a selective availability enabled on the system. The GPS has a number of small errors (e.g signal delay), so a DGPS can be used to improve nominal accuracy since it transmits messages from local stations that are connected to satellites, producing better and true data readings.In cartographic terms, explain why the datum used by a GPS navigation put together must be the same as for the reference chart being used.A datum is a set of reference points on the Earths surface against which their position can be associated with a model of the shape of the Earth to define a geodetic prepare system. Horizontal datum is used to describe a point in latitude and longitude. A vertical datum measures elevations or depths. Because the Earth is an flawed ellipsoid, all localized datums can give a more accurate representation of the area which is being covered than the latest ver sion of the universe Geodetic System datum (84).Marie Claire Attard Bason

Situational Analysis Of International Marketing Environment Marketing Essay

Situational Analysis Of International marting surroundings commercializeing strive at that place discount be numerous indicates for pauperisming to be internationalized the wish well saturation in the home tradeplace, the desire of export your product and overcome immature vitrine of customers in new trades, little opportunity to harvest-home in the own hoidenish HM wanted to dispirit a strong check off and arrive to the best cities and establish their shops. They atomic number 18 aspect perpetu entirelyy for the best cities and places to build their shops in order to trounce more than and much customers whole over the world. When they decided to internationalized, their wish was to fetch in a enceinte famous stain, and in the end they got it, beca office as I relieve oneself-importance tongue to, it is a well- wreak upn bon ton situate in 47 different countries which is in addition cookery to build new shops in more different ones. (See a ttach handst2) luff MarketHMs primary behind market is based on consumer two men and women amongst 18-34 classs old. In order to satisfy the fair game customer, they produce nice design garments with good feature and all that in precise tawdry prices, so that, the customers of HM be really(prenominal) satisfied with it because it offers them eachthing they want. (See cecal appendage 3)Market Selection Criteria(Keegan, W., J. and Schlegelmilch, B., B., 2001)When a guild wants to be internationalised in a new ara it mustiness answered this question so as to know exactly where to establish their brand (See appendix 4)Which market is the best?PhilippinesPortugalAs it potentiometer be seen in this two graphics, without a shadow of doubt it can be utter that the al some get orbit to enclose in is Portugal. First of all, although this graphics not shows the finish up reason, it is the main reason for choosing Portugal. As it can be seen, in Philippines the deprava tion is really high, the government is not as competent as in Portugal, the infrastructure is not as prep be as in Portugal to be able to build bloods Finally, making the positive and negative points of each country, it is do that Portugal is the best option not altogether because of these results, but similarly because the geographic location of the country. (Global matchedness Report, 2012-2013) (See appendix 5)PortugalOPPORTUNITIESTHREATSPOLITICALParliamentary representative participatory republicECONOMICHigh income mix economyThe monetary crisisECOLOGCAL many an(prenominal) land hect arsEcology conservation LawsTECHNOLOGICALPioneer of technologyThe monetary crisisFASHION INDUSTRYGrowth in the industryThe monetary crisissound REGULATORYControl rivalNot al firsted aggressive competition(Technology Portugal, 2009)(Economy of Portugal, Wikipedia, 2012)(Politics of Portugal, Wikipedia, 2012) (See appendix 6)Competitors (See appendix 7) validating CompetitorsHM does not marque believe many Indirect Competitors in the sector, however, it is one that is strong and that it is gaining figurehead in the online shop (See appendix 8)HMASOSDirect CompetitorsAs allwhere nowadays, in Portugal withal thither are many fashion retailers that are establishing their shops in many cities so as to get more benefits and became much more international. In the effort of HM, it would put on many competitors, and the main one it would be Inditex. (Retail Index, 2012) (See appendix 9,10,11,12)HM vs. InditexThe major(ip) competitor of HM is Inditex, this table shows what main differences are between themOutsourcing of Core ActivitiesGroup ModelCompetitive utilitySegmentation dialogue No own factories 80% is produced in Asia bodaciouser major(ip) margins 39,7% of cost upon gross revenue Need to create collection well in advanced unity chain Major margins in the short run Collaborations with Luxury brands, singers avow industries 40% is produced in Europe Major fle xibility Major qualification for growth 44,3% of cost upon sales New collection both 2 weeks Different Chains Major dynamism and growth in the foresightful run Collaborations with new designers, actors(Moda Rapida, 2012)Customers in PortugalIn all countries the customer do not have the same purchasing habits, how are the shopping habits of Lusitanian two-year-old consumers?Factors that cast in clothing purchasingAt the m of purchasing apparel, young consumer In Portugal prefers not to have anybody behind them inquire all the cadence if they necessity any dish up, that is, they prefer to go to declamatory interjects and have a look for ein truththing and then if they need any help ask to a staff although they think that are really impersonal places. They prefer to be free, they want to be comfort when they are shopping. obtain Behaviour and the influence of some otherwises Lusitanian young consumers prefer to go shopping alone for many different reasonsto a niftyer extent freedom of movements They handle to go alone as they dont need to be all the eon craft to the other person come here, go on that point and so on.More independence in choice Young consumers do not equal to be influenced by anyone they like to buy things without any other opinion, if they like it they would buy it without having anybody prejudicing them.Individual decision As it is individual decision, nobody would be saying anything bad or so the clothing.Purchasing choice criteriaWhat customers are looking for at the time of purchase garments? They based their purchase in some factors that finally are the ones that makes someone to take the decision of buying one thing or another.Low PriceComfort reliable DesignGood feelingBrand NameDoes not have any influence in purchasing criteria as nowadays roughly all brands are equal.(Information sources and clothing,2012) (See appendix 13)Perceptual MapLow QualityHigh PriceHigh QualityLow PriceINDITEXCORTEFIELMODALFACAHMPRI MARKMANGOGAPIn order to create the perceptual map, I use my perception about the fashion brands in the world, that is, I collocated each of the confederacy in the position that I perceive. As it can be seen, in the same square we can find HM and Inditex, but for my point of view, although the price of Inditex is more expensive, the quality is much best(p) so that its positioning is grander than HMs one. Apart from this, it can be said that for young people, Cortefiel and Mango are so equal in the quality and in the price, besides this, GAPs and CAs quality is very high, that is, the price and the quality of their clothes are equated. Finally, as for the brands with the lowest quality, although their low price is so agreeable for punctual occasions, customers prefer to buy in companies that offer them a major quality.RecommendationI really recommend HM to go to Portugal as it can offer many advantages to HM experienceing with its geographical location. Although the financial cri sis is affecting many consumer, as HM has very low prices Portugal can be a very viable market as young people would be able to get fashion clothes with their low income and as nowadays the physical aspect is gaining importance, HM would find a very good opportunity in Portugal.(About HM, 2012)Appendices adjunct HM1980/90Stores return in Germany and Netherlands. Stores open in France, and the use of celebrities to the advertisements1947197719761974196819641952Sales of cosmetic started.First store opened outside Scandinavia, In London.Listed on the declineholms Stock ExchangeHennes buy the fish store Mauritz Widforss, and the fix is changed to Hennes and Mauritz.First store opened in a outside country, in Norway.Hennes open in StockholmFirst store open in Vsteras (Sweedem), with the name of Hennes2012Plan to open Bulgaria, Latvia, Malasya, Mexico and Thailand.2011HM open in Romania, Croacia and Singapore.2010First stores open in Soth korea and Turky. Monki goes to Asia, HM home o pen in Sweden.2009First store open in Russia and in Beijing. HM home is launched, Weekday and Monki open in Germany2008First store open in Tokyo. Adquisition of Weekday, Monki and Cheap Monday brands.2007First Asiatic store open in Hong Kong and in Shanghai. Expansion of online sales. COS stores launched.2006Major expansion of online and catalogue sales2004Initiates designer collaborations with luxury brands2000Stores open in US, Spain and in many European countries.HMs heading all over the worldHM world map. 300+ stores 200+ stores 100+ stores 50+ stores 20+ stores 10+ stores 1+ stores Upcoming stores(HHYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileHM_world_map.svgHYPERLINK http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FileHM_world_map.svgM world map, Wikipedia, 2012)HM GroupHM, as Inditex, is completed by many different brands, that is, HM is a group that is composed by some different brandsHMIt produces a b highway and diverse range of fashion for men, women, youth and children, furthermore, it also sales cosmetic, nettleories and products for home.COSIt offers customers a combination of timelessness and distinctive trends, for both women and men.MonkiIt is a very creative brand that offers to the customer the opportunity to tell itself.WeekdayIt offers urban fashion for men and women always at the best price.Cheap MondayCheap Monday combines influences from street fashion and sub civilizations with a catwalk vibe.HMs expansion strategyHM is so conscious at the time of disruption new stores in other countries, that is, it thinks that the stores should make much stronger the brand and attract customer well-favored them the best shopping experience as possible.When HM is moving to a new country, so as to see if it would be paid or not to enter in, it analyses the political, economic, demographic, and infrastructural environment. It creates very modern stores in all countries that it establishes its line of work so as to offer a extensive shopping time to the customer. Furt hermore, it is workings in making its stores much more ecological so as to save the world and do not damage it.HM is looking for a coarse expansion in the future it is planning to open many new stores in many different countries, so as to create a very strong brand.HM rise analysesStrengthsBrand recognition Low Price and mien It has front end in al over the world and people know it because of the fashionable clothes that sale in a very cheap price running(a) efficiency As it has a great control in the logistic area, it is able to have low cost and assign really good margins.OpportunitiesUntapped potence in emerging markets As the lifestyle is changing everywhere, people are much more aware of its physical aspects, so that, the fashion is gaining presence.Internet retailing The fashion industry is increasing every day, and nowadays with the help of internet they can growth in an fabulous manner, it gave them a great opportunity to growth.WeaknessesReliance on outsourcing The reliance of Inditex products move HM in critical situation as Inditex appeals much more to customers.Modest presence in emerging markets It a well-known brand in the whole world, but the major presence is only in Europe and in North America.ThreatsNon-food expansion of grocery retailers Many supermarkets like Tesco, are thinking in competing in the clothe industry with HM. quick fashion becoming more competitive Its major competitor is Inditex, that also does fast fashion, but new competitors also are appearing very strong(Ryerson, 2009)Vertical IntegrationHM has a vertical integration strategy in which was pioneer establishing it some years ago. Due to this strategy, the bon ton is now able to collect information about the sales and customers and use it in order to make a develop strategy always so as to get more profits for the future and become much more customer.(Europa.eu,2012)LCCP, GCCP or FCCP?In the case of HM, it can be said that this company is GCCP( Global Culture Cu ltural Positioning), as they are a multinational that says to the customer that is part of the globular family. Although they need to set maybe their strategy in each of different country, they sale their brand as a global company actually all their products are the same in all countries, they offer the same products for the customers of different places, universe the part of the global family is the message that they are selling to the customers mind.(HM, 2012) addendum internationalisation MotivesThere are 2 kinds of motives that prompt the companies to internationalised, Proactive and Reactive motives. In the case of HM there are some points inside those factors that do not have any sense, so only the main points are going to be explained.Proactive MotivesProfit and growth goalsAll companies want to growth, and so as to get it, the best option is to go oversea and establish their brand in new countries. This is one of the main reason why the companies want to internationaliz ed, in order to become bigger and be well known in the whole work.Managerial urgeIt is a motivation that the managers of the business have their motivation is to be part of a company that works all over the world.Foreign market opportunities/market informationHM could see many opportunities to growth in contrasted markets as is a company that have great presence all over the world. However, it is not established in all countries, so if it wants to become a bigger brand, it should observe what opportunities offered each country and see if it is profitable or not.Economies of scale-learning curveBeing internationalized, offers HM the advantage of the economies of scale as it could produce high amount of clothes at the same time with very low costs.(Hollensen, S., 2007)Reactive MotivesCompetitive pressureHM could be scared for example of the competitive pressure of Inditex as it has a great strategy that helps it to continue in the top level. If the company see that other brands are g rowing all over the world and are gaining customers and getting profits, the not internationalised company also would want to get all that. So for that reason, HM would like to enter in more and more countries so as to be a great company.Domestic market downcast and saturatedHM was created in Sweden many years ago, but as the market was becoming so small to compete there, it decided to enter in new countries so as to growth its presence.Extend sales of seasonal productsAs maybe the demand in the home country is not very big and it does not give the opportunity for the company to get the desire profits, they would find new opportunities to get what they want in foreign countries.(Hollensen, S., 2007)Appendix How to choose the target market?Targeting is the action of evaluating and equivalence the different groups of consumers and chooses which is the most adequate for the company. Companies have to base their research in 3 pointsCurrent segment and the growth It result be copio us profitable to the company to centre only in that segment?Competitive intensity and potential competition If that segment has a great competition, it is suitable to enter in?Compatibility and feasibility If that segment give problems to the companies, could another company catch them?(Keegan, W.J. and Schlegelmilch, B.B., 2001)When HM creates its brand he had surely been thinking about these points at the time of creating its designs. When the companies are creating their collections they must be thinking on the target market as they are the wanted customers and they should create those clothes appeals to them.Appendix Market selection CriteriaMarket PotentialHere the company should analyse if the market satisfied completely the customer and also if the customers has the incumbent major power to purchase the product that the old retailers offer them. (International market selection, 2004)Market SizeThe companies need to observe how much of the market it can accept they could af ford.Market growthThey have to observe how much have enceinte this sector in that country during all the years so as to know if they would find an increase or a decrease in the industry.Competitive IntensityThe Company have to make a great research relating with the competitors of the industry in that country so as to know in what position they are and how strong are the competitors.Entry prohibitionIn all countries are entry barriers to foreign companies so as to protect the future of the home country industries. They should make many deals so as to finally get into a new market. semipolitical EnvironmentThe government of a country affects a lot the business life because of the changing policies, regulations and laws. Furthermore, the government of each of the country is who choose which businesses will hold protection and which is going to face an open competition. Furthermore, the political stability of a country will affect the action that government will take, and finally th at actions will have many influences in an enterprise. (Sirkeci, I. and Cawley, R., 2012)Economic Environment immediately the economy has change radically, due to that factor, all countries are now potential targets for every company. When a company has to make research in global marketing, the economy dimension of the world is crucial as it has great influence in this point. (Keegan, W.J., Schelegelmilch, B.B., 2001)Demographic StructureThe company should observe how has change the demographic in the object country so as to control the organic evolution of the Target customer.Purchasing PowerIt has to know how is the purchasing power of the objective customer so as to know if they are going to get benefits or loses in that country.InfrastructureThe retailers need to observe if the infrastructure of the country is good or not in order to build factories and stores in that country. The country must have strong infrastructure so as to build powerful companies, strong social, economi c, aerialinfrastructure.Appendix Philippines and PortugalSo as to choose the most appropriate country to enter in, many things must be analysed as it can be seen in the paper. However, not only those shown points are important, there many other things like the gross domestic product, unemployment rate, macrocosm, innovation that should be take into account when an enterprise want to be opened in that country.PhilippinesPopulation 93,6millionsGDB per capita 2,007$Infraestructure 3,1Macroeconomic environment 5Goods market efficiency 4,1Having a look to these different score between 1-7, it is clear that Portugal is much more secure country to establish their company. Although the most relevant dates had been explained before in the pages, these are also very important at the time of choosing the country to enter in. So finally, Portugal is the country that will be analysed for the report. repel market efficiency 3,9Financial market development 4technical circle 4,6PortugalPopulation 10,7 millionsGDP per capita 21,559$Infraestructure 5,5Macroeconomic environment 4,2Goods market efficiency 4,3Labor market efficiency 3,8Financial market development 4Technological readiness 5,3(The Global Competitiveness report, 2012-2013)Appendix PortugalPolitical EnvironmentPortugal has a constitutional republic and a parliamentary system in which a semi presidential regime is established. The prime minister is elective every four years and is the person who led the government, furthermore, the president of the government is elected every five years.(Doing business in Portugal, 2012)Economic EnvironmentThere can find many industries that have established their main company in Portugal, for example, in the case of Inditex, it has one factory there, as the output is cheaper than in Spain. But although been a developed and high income country, it has the lowest GDP in Western Europe, and besides, the population has the lowest purchasing power of the European Union.(Economic of Po rtugal, Wikipedia, 2012)Regulatory EnvironmentThe Law 18/2003 In Portugal is create to maintain a competitive economy, not to have an unfair competitive and so heavy one. The law prohibited the company to make agreements that would affect the competition between economic agents in national territory. In addition to this, the companies are not allowed to make a very aggressive competition so as not to affect the sector in that country.(Doing business in Portugal, 2012)Fashion industryNowadays the textile industry in Portugal represents alone under the 10% of outputs. The situation in Portugal is not the best, but the companies that are surviving are having great profits, so people are seen as an optimist market. Many different brands produce their clothes in Portugal like Fred Perry, Inditex, capital of Minnesota Smith because the process is not as expensive as in other European countries, , however, although the industry is surviving, all the companies has suffered losses during th e financial crisis. each type of industry are suffering now due to the 2008 financial crisis, in many countries many companies closed their factories, nevertheless, the textile industry in Portugal is growing up again ,so slowly, but is growing. Every brand are getting now profits, so for HM it could be a great opportunity as the industry is having good results nowadays. Besides, it must be said that HMs strategy is very similar to Inditex ones, its clothes are so cheap and finally a country that is suffering a lot because of the crisis , population wants to have the opportunity to buy cheap fashionable clothes. Inditex is having great results in the country, so as HM prices are cheaper, why it would not get many profits? Portugal as I said, can offer HM many great advantages.(UK reuters, 2012)Barriers to enter in countryThere many barriers in all countries for different companies that want to establish their brand there are (Hollensen, S., 2007)General Market RisksThe main barrier s are the great fight that HM could find in Portugal, the different culture and language, because the Swedish and Portuguese people are so different at the time of working and also the language is totally different. In addition to this, it is no low-cal to find a new distributor in a foreign country, they should make alliances an all of that work so as to get a great position, and finally, it must be said that it is a very ticklish work to adapt all the company for that new culture and make a great company overseas.Commercial RisksAlthough Portugal is in Europe too, there are always delays in the delivering of the export products or some damages in them. Beside this, there are always changes in rates and that could have a great influence in the cost of a company.Political RisksThis subject is a little bit special companies have to take caution as politics have great influences in all countries. HM have to take into account how is the law of the exports in Portugal, what type of restrictions have impose the government, the thoughts of the citizensOpportunities of entering in the PortugalInvesting in Portugal it would give companies many advantages for many different reasons (Doing business in Portugal, 2012)Strategic access to marketDue to the Portugal economic openness and also because of its strategic geographical position it can offer great opportunities to different companies between EU and also different markets. As it has relations with Brazil and is near Africa, it offers great advantages so as to make exports and imports.Cost competitive, qualified and flexible manpowerThe Portuguese employers are known for having great attitudes at the time of adapting their self to new technologies, strategies and so on.Excellent environment to live and workIt is a country that offers the companies very secure areas and ensure the security for their production, and so on as it is very pacific place.InfrastructureAs during the last year Portugal has made great inv estment so as to modernizing its communication infrastructures, it is great country to establish a company as it can be adapted very easily to the new technologies that the company will get hold of with it.Appendix CompetitorsThreats of New entranceRivalry among existing competitorsThreat of alternative products or servicesBargaining power of buyersBargaining power of suppliers(Keegan, W.J. and Schlegelmilch, B.B., 2001)Market 5 forcesReferring to HM, although it is a great company, its major competitor is doing everything much better than it does. HM it would be the new entrance in that country and of transmission line all those competitors like Inditex, Cortefiel and so on, would be threat of it as they would need to fight with one more company. However, knowing that new entrance, those companies may start making much more deals with the suppliers so as to have the ability to offer better products and service to their customers and not lose them. Finally, HM has a great positiv e factor to the consumers that could be a great advantage to its competitors. It makes many alliances with famous designers like Versace, Moschino in order to create new collection that are entrancing to young consumers as they feel with higher(prenominal) status. Inditex should be worry about that as luxury brands are so attractive to consumers, but if it continuous doing a hard work it will be as everywhere the winner of the sector also in Portugal.Appendix ASOSASOS is an online beauty store that provides the customer many products of different brands in very cheap prices. That is, the consumer can buy in the same website clothes from many different brands like Adidas, Armani, Topshop it sales hundreds of brands, thats why it became so attractive to the customer, because it can find in the same place clothes from everywhere.ASOS was created for the first time in United Kingdom in 2000, but them while it was gaining presence in whole Britain it started going abroad and gaining pre sence in many countries of Europe. After that, the market of US was prepared to ASOS arrival as everyone wants to have the opportunity to buy many brands product in the same place.(ASOS, 2012)Appendix MOFALDAModalfa is a Portuguese fashion brand that offer the customer very fashionable clothes in a cheap prices. In Portugal, as I explained before, it is a great competitor for HM as it offers the customer similar opportunities as HM does.(Modalfa, 2012)Appendix CORTEFIELCortefiel is the first brand created by Cortefiel group in 1946, which offer the customer an bewitching and comfortable style with very high quality. With this personal style, Spanish brand has open its road for many countries and it is very strong competitor for many other companies. Its target customer is based on men and women between 35-45 years, and although HM is turn to to young people, finally all type of consumers are important for every company. (Cortefiel, 2012)Appendix CACA is a fashion company that has presence in 20 different countries of Europe. People have a very good perception about CA, it offers 10000 different products in all the countries, and although its high prices, the products have very high quality, the clothes lasts for years so people do not mind to pay more for those clothes. (CA, 2012)Appendix InditexThe Inditex group is the most powerful competitor of HM. Inditex has many different brands inside, that are very famous and makes it the more and more strong everydayZARA Zara has presence in 85 countries and it has opened 1671 stores in the best places of the cities. For Zara there is no any limit, they want to be in all the countries of the world in the future, and due to its great strategy it can get it as it is opening new stores every day.Pull Bear It was create in 1991 curiously for young people as it has very juvenile style. Is it one of the most profitable brand in terms of Urban clothes as every young people go there to get urban style clothes.Massimo Dutt i It has 567 stores spread in 53 different countries. It offers Urban and day-by-day styles both for men and women, its target market is based on men and women adults, thats why the growth of the prices and the change in the style comparing with other brands.Bershka It was launched in 1998 and nowadays it has 839 stores in 63 different countries, and as it is known, it appeals fundamentally to the young target market.Stradivarius It produces clothes, accessories, shoes and its clothes are combination of elegant and hippie clothes that appeal a lot for young people.Oysho Oysho sells the current fashion trends in womens lingerie and intimate apparelZara Home It is specialised in home decoration and linen things that attract so much to women because of it reasonable prices.Uterqe It is the newest brand of Inditex and it is the most expensive brand of the group.(Inditex group, 2012)Zara is the most powerful brand of the group, is the main competitor of HM alone as I said. In the above image appear where Zara has its stores. (Zara targetmap, 2012)Appendix CustomersThe culture in which the consumers have been grew up have many influences in the p

Symbolism in Lord of the Flies, by William Golding Essay -- essays res

Symbolism in Lord of the Flies, by William Golding In his classic novel, Lord of the Flies, William Golding uses many elements of symbolism to help the readers gain a greater understanding of his message. Symbolism can be anything, a person, place, or thing, used to portray something beyond its self. It is used to represent or omen the conclusion of the story. As one reads this novel, he or she will nonplus to recognize the way basic civilization is slowly stripped apart from the boys as conflict between civilization and savagery arises.The conch shell represents spring and authority. Whoever has the shell has the power to talk. The conch shows how people use objects to give power, like a crown. "Conch?" "Thats what this shells called. Ill give the conch to the next person to speak. He can hold it when hes mouth (pg.33)." This shows that whoever holds the conch during meetings gets to speak At these meetings a sense of order is instilled because the boys consume to take care until they hold the conch to speak. The conch becomes a powerful symbol of civilization. "By the time Ralph had holy blowing the conch the platform was crowded." (Golding, 32) Ralph shows his leading abilities as he recognizes the use of the conch. Ralph begins to take leadership over the boys by setting rules as using the conch to let everyone have a turn to speak. Another symbol of strength and command is the fire. As long as the fire is well maintained, the b...

Censorship in art Essay -- essays research papers

Censorship in ArtCensorship has existed in the united States since colonial times. In the early history of American culture censorings emphasis was on political statements and actions, banning literature, music and level(p) people from being heard in this country. This leading too more closed-minded views about different cultures and society, which we are still fighting to everyplace come in the present day. Today a better-informed America has switched their views to a more sexual content when deciding what should be publicly released. period all of this seems to violate our initiatory amendment right, group censorship is totally legal. clandestine amongst recent censorship are many Cuban exile groups who contract caused a handful of Cuban performances to be canceled or moved from second Florida, reverting us back to a society lacking the ethnic activates it needs to grow.According to the Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, censorship is an official bulwark or restriction of any type of expression believed threaten political, social, or moral order. This can be imposed by governmental authority, spiritual group, or by a powerful private association. Only the first out of the three makes the censorship a violation of our civil rights. The send-off Amendment to the Constitution of the United States saysCongress shall make no law representing an mental institution of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press...

Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

The attempt to capture the Ameri shadow dream is central tomany novels. This dream is different for different people, only ifin The Great Gatsby, for Jay, the dream is that throughwealth and power, whiz can acquire happiness. Thishappiness is something for which he must reach into the pastto pay got and for which he must revive an old dream.Jay Gatsby, the central figure of the story, is one characterwho longs for the past. Surprisingly he devotes most of hisadult life nerve-wracking to recapture and, finally, dies in its pursuit.In the past, Jay had a love affair with the bountiful Daisy.Knowing he could not marry her because of the difference intheir complaisant status, he leaves her to amass wealth to reach hereconomic standards. Once he acquires this wealth, hemoves near to Daisy and throws extravagant parties, hopingby chance she might disposition up at one of them. He, himself,does not attend his parties but watches them from adistance. When this dream doesnt happen, h e asks aroundcasually if anyone knows her. Soon he meets NickCarraway, a cousin of Daisy, who agrees to set up ameeting. Gatsbys personal dream symbolizes the largerAmerican dream where all have the opportunity to get whatthey want.Later, as we see in the Plaza Hotel, Jay dormant believes thatDaisy loves him. He is convinced of this as is shown whenhe takes the blame for Myrtles death and then watches andprotects Daisy as she returns home. Jay cannot accept thatthe past is gone and do with. Jay is sure that he cancapture his dream with his wealth and influence. He believesthat he acted for a good beyond his

The Importance of Affirmative Action in America Essay example -- Argum

The Importance of assentient Action in AmericaAffirmative action is a much debated topic based on the efforts of our organization to overcome prejudicial treatment through inclusion. Affirmative action is a way of helping minorities in our country get jobs and avoid racial injustice. Many large companies have increased their employment of minorities after adopting these policies (Plous). condescension the efforts of affirmatory action today, women still only earn 76 cents for each dollar earned by males. There are 1.3 million unoccupied African-American civilians and 112 million employed white civilians. Statistics show that if every unemployed people Black worker in the United States were to displace a blank worker, only 1% of Whites would be affected (Plous).There is a sort of people called the Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action and Integration and foment for Equality By Any Means Necessary (BAMN) who are always fighting hard to defend their position. They feel that w e are struggling to delimit whether our nation will move forward toward integration and equality or backward toward injustice. This group of people is very determined to keeping affirmative action in our government system today and submit the particular that we are all brothers and sisters, skin color and religion dont matter (To stop...). argue views of this topic are quite common everywhere in the U.S. The University of lolly has made the issues of race and affirmative action policies into very important and disputable discussions. One article, titled Unite Against Affirmative Action, states Unfortunately, between the improvident rantings of State Representative David Jaye and the hysterical tirades of the aptly named Coalition to Defend ... ...ve a substantial number of minorities attending the school, all with grades within the same stray as the rest of the student population. Now, not all minorities in that break away are admitted, only some (How Affirmative...).Accord ing to the Racial Privacy Initiative, The state shall not classify by race, ethnicity, color or national base in the operation of habitual education, public contracting or public employment. This statement basically says not to refuse someone based on their race (Racial...).Then why is affirmative action even allowed? wherefore do we, as Americans, need affirmative action to be employ? Because it makes sure that the minority population is not refused their right to an education or a job. Because there are racists out there, ones who might need this polity to tell them that what they have been taught to believe is indeed unfair and unlawful.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

It amazes me that we are finally present Throughout the familys, I have often thought about this moment. How it would feeling to be with all of you, in our caps and gowns, finally graduating. I remember as a child, thinking about what I would look like when I was all grown up, how I would act, who I would love and what kind of soulfulness I would become. And now here it all is, were warm, were done with high school, and I couldnt be more thrilled or scared We go with this twelve-year metamorphosis, and then one day, we wake up and its over, our ascent into adulthood has come. Were ready to face all that life has to throw at us, to make a life for ourselves, outside of school and childhood, to go to college, take a year off or get a job. Yet at the equivalent time, it can be terrifying to complete...

Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale Essay -- Margaret Atwood Handmai

Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids TaleLove of beau ideal replaces love of kindity in Margaret Atwoods, The Handmaids Tale. Offreds recollections of her prehistoric life, especially of her husband, are is filled with passion and happiness as she remembers his discomfort towards her. Much more emphasis is put on the physical man form in her memories she often remembers lying with her husband while she wears lowly or no clothing. Appreciation of the human form is an essential cistron of loving military man. Offred remembers the love she felt for her friends with whom she enjoyed spending time and conversing. When her friend is interpreted away, Offred spends much time mourning the loss of this person from her life. She also longs, throughout the novel, to be reunited with her husband. While she has not seen him in years, his memory lives strong in her mind, and she can often imagine him arriving at the Commanders raise and rescuing her. Her memories almost all revolve around huma n interaction because that is what she precious most and that is what society held to be most important. But that was before the ghostlike revolution.The new era of government ushers in a time where munificence is meaningless and the world revolves around divinity. One example of this is the sex rite that Offred has to undergo with the Commander. Sex is the ultimate expression of humanity, but she is forced into doing it without both sort of emotion. Furthermore, Offreds needs as an individual are piffling and insignificant throughout Atwoods work. Offred is expected to keep qualms and concerns to herself and to obey the unbending lifestyle laid out for her. Additionally, the human form is not something to be celebrated in this new world, but it is rather something to be... ...she did not happen in the novel, she gave up her body for the continuation of mankind. What better martyr, I thought, than saviour Christ himself. After much thought, I decided upon Giottos interpr eting of Christ on the cross from the Arena Chapel in Padua, Italy.I faced a major challenge in picking the paintings, aside from my utter lack of knowledge of art history. Each of these paintings was d one with such(prenominal) precision and care that the artist likely loaded each one with symbolism and deeper meanings which would not be applicable to The Handmaids Tale. As an example of this, my friend who had stu drawd Picassos Guernica launched into a lengthy explanation of what the painting meant, when I only used it for the image of war that it projects. clear m some(prenominal) of these paintings carry baggage that is unwanted for my purposes, and this is a challenge that I face as the author. Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale Essay -- Margaret Atwood HandmaiMargaret Atwoods The Handmaids TaleLove of God replaces love of humanity in Margaret Atwoods, The Handmaids Tale. Offreds recollections of her gone life, especially of her husband, are ones filled wi th passion and happiness as she remembers his discomfort towards her. Much more emphasis is put on the physical human form in her memories she often remembers lying with her husband while she wears elflike or no clothing. Appreciation of the human form is an essential contribution of loving humanity. Offred remembers the love she felt for her friends with whom she enjoyed spending time and conversing. When her friend is interpreted away, Offred spends much time mourning the loss of this person from her life. She also longs, throughout the novel, to be reunited with her husband. While she has not seen him in years, his memory lives strong in her mind, and she can often imagine him arriving at the Commanders rear and rescuing her. Her memories almost all revolve around human interaction because that is what she treasured most and that is what society held to be most important. But that was before the spiritual revolution.The new era of government ushers in a time where humanity is meaningless and the world revolves around God. One example of this is the sex ritual that Offred has to undergo with the Commander. Sex is the ultimate expression of humanity, but she is forced into doing it without any sort of emotion. Furthermore, Offreds needs as an individual are fiddling and insignificant throughout Atwoods work. Offred is expected to keep qualms and concerns to herself and to obey the unrelenting lifestyle laid out for her. Additionally, the human form is not something to be celebrated in this new world, but it is rather something to be... ...she did not die in the novel, she gave up her body for the continuation of mankind. What better martyr, I thought, than deliveryman Christ himself. After much thought, I decided upon Giottos interlingual rendition of Christ on the cross from the Arena Chapel in Padua, Italy.I faced a major challenge in picking the paintings, unconnected from my utter lack of knowledge of art history. Each of these paintings was d one with such precision and care that the artist likely loaded each one with symbolism and deeper meanings which would not be applicable to The Handmaids Tale. As an example of this, my friend who had studied Picassos Guernica launched into a lengthy description of what the painting meant, when I only used it for the image of war that it projects. all the way many of these paintings carry baggage that is unwanted for my purposes, and this is a challenge that I face as the author.

U.S. vs Asian school system :: essays research papers

Two Systems into OneIn the past twenty long time the United States naturalise trunk has been accumulating quite a bit of criticism. yard shows that the United States has been lagging exp mavenntially comp bed to almost all the industrialized countries. This specifically refers to Asian countries that are statistically blowing the U.S. out of the water. Recent survey results in the universal subject of math show us that the U.S. eighth graders assume fallen behind, while the twelfth grade level showed only splendid improvement (appositive). This means that the U.S. students are barely floating above water, where as, Asian students have built some sort of super boat (appositive). notwithstanding we all recognize that not any one device is perfect, and are usually leaking water in the most unnoticeable spot. Before one realizes the problem, the boat is sinking. We would strengthly look at these education systems as extremes of from each one other. Each education system being on the different stead of the spectrum. Both systems having faults and advantages. Taking the positive aspects from both sides and merging them together, a on-key education system could be established (verb phrase). The term Japans School System tells us that in an Asian classroom students allow for feel an incredible amount of pressure starting from grade school and up, while U.S. teachers are too afraid to raise the bar because of potential discouragement of the student. We examine evidence from the article Strengths, weaknesses, and lessons of Japanese education. A negative of the Asian school system, is the union that must be upheld. This achieves make better education because it becomes the thing to do. When everybody is on the same curriculum thither is no other choice just to follow the herd. While conformity creates better math students, it demises the aspect of creativity and individuality. The boat may float, but not posses any inspiration or differentiation from the o thers. The U.S. places a overmuch bigger emphasis on creativity and choice. Thus providing students with opportunities that help them check about them selves, and develop original ideas. An important characteristic that the U.S. education system lacks, is the idea of effort being directly correlated to success. In his article Japans School System, James Kilpatrick states that The Japanese theory is that all children have the same potential for learning. It is effort that separates palmy students from the unsuccessful students.Though the American student may think that they hold up hard, we find that the Asian student is at a much great level of pressure.

College Admissions Essay: My Summer in Europe :: College Admissions Essays

My summer in Europe I spent sixer weeks in Florence, studying renaissance art and art history. After this, I traveled across Europe for three weeks and experienced the many good-looking countries and cultures that exist on this continent. Studying renaissance art in Florence, the intrust of its birth, was literally a moving experience. To believe works that I thinking only existed in books and also to live in the same urban center that housed the masters, was amazing. I took a drawing class as well in Florence. This proved to be a challenging and beneficial class. Drawing passage scenes, landscapes, figures, or anything for that matter, is always a challenge. However to do this in a city where there are masterpieces lining churches and museums all around you, make the action a bit more challenging. It was a wonderful and dumb launching resource to be able to refer to a Michelangelo sculpture or a Botticelli painting. The museums in Florence proved to be my roughly favor ite quest and the greatest tool for any artist. The Uffizi and Pitti Palace house some of the most famous and also not so famous (but beneficial as wonderful) works. Living in Florence for six weeks was such a wonderful acquirement experience. Each twenty-four hours was an adventure. By buying food and asking for directions, I slowly learned enough Italian to get by. Sadly, I found that like many billets in Europe, Florence has also become Americanized. English was just as prevalent as Italian. Honestly, it was convenient to know that my waiter would be able to converse with me in English. Yet, at the same time, I felt up a little guilty in knowing that through tourism, Italy has disjointed a small part of its culture and history. After my stay in Florence, I had the chance to see more of Europe. I went to Salzburg, Prague, Lucerne, the Italian and french Riviera, and Paris. Three weeks of trains, hostels, new places and people proved to be an exciting and tire time I s aw the Alps, the Mediterranean, the historic neighborhoods of Prague, and then Paris. Each day I woke up with excitement, ready to go and explore the new place we were in. And each night I fell asleep, and dreamt of what tomorrow would bring. It was a attractive and simple three weeks. My only job was just to experience and see all that I could of a place.